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Members Homepage is located here Cooking food Cooking food (any food) over an open wood fire will proved to be the healthiest way to cook food and may prevent several forms of cancer to include lung cancer. INFORMATION: The San are better known popularly as the "Bushmen." Food is available in the Kalahari desert, and people spend an average of 32.5 hours a week in food procurement outside of camps [Tanaka 1980, p. 38: A fair portion of the San's food is eaten raw, but most of it is cooked. Those foods eaten raw include berries, green vegetables, plants providing moisture, and some of the root foods. The melons and roots are more usually eaten cooked. pp. 38-39: Cooking may consist of pan frying or of baking directly in the fire. The pans are all iron, acquired relatively recently through trade. Before the introduction of iron pans, it is thought that the people probably cooked their food either directly over the fire or in the middle of the hot ashes. Animal flesh is never eaten raw. When meat is cooked in a pan, it is simmered for over an hour in a little water (for which melon pulp is often substituted); when it is so tender that the sinews will fall apart, it is usually crushed in a mortar. The San have no salt and use no seasonings; on rare occasions, however, a little antelope fat will be added to improve the flavor. When a pan is not available, the San may bury a large piece of meat in the embers or hot sand and leave it to bake for about an hour and a half. In addition, thin pieces of meat can be cooked on top of As for the plants, melons are stewed; when a pan is not available, they are buried in hot embers or ashes as in the case of meat. When the flesh of fruit is steamed through, the rind is discarded and the rest ground in a mortar as a gruel. All roots (except Raphionacme burkei) are cooked over the fire or in the ashes. The Bauhinia petersiana beans and the berries of Ochna pulchra are also cooked in the ashes, but as these are about p. 148: Fire is widely used, but its main purpose for man is to cook food. The San now use pans to cook melons and meat, but their traditional way of cooking is to use A distinguishing characteristic of the diet of the !Kung is the superabundance of the mongongo nut, which is a very high-fat food (at 80% fat), and which constitutes over 1/3 of their diet. The !Kung's main staples, their description, and their consumption are described below. Diet consists of both raw and cooked foods, based on what is available in the environment. As we shall see, some items are consumed raw in their natural state, while others are cooked and mixed. Also, keep in mind that while the plant foods presented above are those which are the most commonly eaten, the !Kung exploit over 200 plant species, most of which are less palatable. In addition, it should be pointed out that the overwhelming majority of the calories in the !Kung's diet are from the mongongo nut and meat. The caloric and protein levels in the !Kung diet were recorded during the winter of July- MAIN STAPLES OF THE !KUNG SAN'S DIET Note that the !Kung are rather short and thin (about Macronutrient ratios (seasonal high in fat). A quick calculation based on the above table gives the percentages of macronutrients by calories below: Protein: 16% (Technical note: In the above calculations of macronutrient ratios, we used the fact that meat has negligible carbohydrate, and a table from Lee [not reproduced here] giving the composition of the mongongo nut. We also assumed, to keep things simple-- Of course, the proportions vary depending on the period of the year, and the above reflects a seasonal high in terms of mongongo consumption (and thus fat as well, since the mongongo is 80% fat), but overall, meat and mongongo nuts constitute perhaps 35% and 40% respectively of the total calories on average. Based on these additional figures, then, a more representative average yearly intake of the above foods, plus a breakdown for protein, carbohydrate, and fat proportions in the diet would be as follows. MAIN STAPLES OF THE !KUNG SAN'S DIET
GENERAL CURES Addictions Alzheimer’s Disease Alcoholism Asthma AIDS Attention Deficit Disorder (children) Anger Anti-Ageing Tea Arthritis Avian flu Asperser's Disorder Autism Athletes Foot / Foot Odors
The !Kung San, a subcategory of the San reviewed above, became a cause celebre in anthropological circles during the 1960s and 1970s [Lewin 1988], and as a result were one of the most extensively studied of all hunter-
(in July/August 1964)
(Special note: The figures in the chart below represent a seasonal
high in mongongo nut consumption [high in fat at 80% of calories], and
therefore should not be taken as representative of average
macronutrient composition of the !Kung's diet.)
Carbohydrate: 14%
Fat: 70%
(estimated yearly averages based on factoring out seasonal highs)
(Figures assume approximately 35% meat, 40% mongongo nuts,
and 2,400 kcal/day. While these figures may not correspond exactly
to yearly averages, they are probably close to reality.)
